Digital Millennium Copyright Act
The Digital Millennium Copyright Act was passed in 1996 in order to satisfy
the WIPO. The WHO? No, the WIPO, the World Intellectual Property
Organization. The who? Enough. The WIPO is an agency of the United Nations (UN)
to which the sovereign nation of the United States is a permanent member.
"In principle, only sovereign states can become UN members, and today all
UN members are fully sovereign states. ". So if the United States
is a sovereign nation, why does our federal government pass Acts in order to
satisfy the UN, even though this Act is not something that the majority of
Americans approve of? Our federal government is supposed to represent we the
people. We the people don't want the DMCA, and the significant number of
people who apparently violate the DMCA every day should be a clear sign
that we don't want this legislation. The DMCA doesn't just criminalize the act
of accessing copyrighted material, it also criminalizes the act of
circumventing an access control, even if you don't actually access something
that is copyrighted.
Many software engineers, including myself, as well as technology workers and
users believe that the DMCA is anti-competitive by design and gives
copyright holders the legal power to limit free speech and prevent open
research, in addition to making the use of certain software and hardware
illegal, or potentially illegal, by design. Proponents of the DMCA, namely
those politicians who stand to benefit directly or indirectly, claim that the
DMCA is needed in order to prevent copyright infringement, for example,
"illegal" music and movie downloads, however, the DMCA has not prevented
such activities and the number of "illegal" downloads has not decreased. The
DMCA, at best, has only caused many small businesses to fail as they are
faced with DMCA violation notices, has only caused individuals sharing
information, the same way you might permit a friend to look at a book you
purchased, or borrowed from a library and has allowed legal entities to profit
at the expense of the consumer.
Furthermore, many private websites owned by individual tax payers or
small private companies are often sent "DMCA Take Down Notices" threatening
legal action regarding some content on a server, be it a music file, a photo,
a scanned image or a car club's calendar including their own pictures of their
own Ford Mustangs, printed at their own expense. In most cases, it is simply
not possible, affordable or practical, for an individual to read and understand
their rights under the DMCA, then understand their legal option and this
gives copyright holders, or supposed copyright holders, a powerful and unfair
edge in the market.
The Broken Patent System
In an ideal, open, capitalist, democratic, free market economy, something we're
supposed to have here in the United States, you and I would have the
opportunity to research, design, produce and profit from an invention we
create. However, our broken patent system allows "patent squatters" to
both profit from individual innovation, and take away the incentives, and
opportunities, to invent. Imagine that you are a software engineer and you
have a great new idea for some piece of software. You design and write your
software and off you go selling your product, hopefully making some money.
You're not a lawyer and you are busy writing software, so you don't bother to
check out the patent system, you just know that there is no known software that
does what you want to do, or at least no known published and marketed
software. If you're "unlucky", your software won't be purchased by anyone and
you'll be back to that cube job in the basement. Or, if you're "unlucky", some
lawyer will file a patent infringement lawsuit against and claim they own the
patent to your software, but in many cases, such companies do not employ a
single software engineer, never wrote a single line of code for a program,
and have no idea how to actually create such software. Moreover, you might
use a phrase like "But It Now!" and even create a "button" on your website
to allow people to purchase your product, and if you do create such an
obvious "button" using obvious language, you might be contacted by a patent
lawyer because, well, that is also patented. Ideally, the patent law would
protect people who actually create something, not some lawyers who
manipulate the legal system. I don't have the solution, as I understand
the intent of the patent system, but clearly the system needs to be revamped.
The Digital Media Consumers' Rights Act
The Digital Media Consumers' Rights Act (DMCRA) is a bill already introduce into the
house which aims to address some of the problems with the DMCA. It doesn't
solve all of the problems with the DMCA and it doesn't address the problems
in the patent system, but having read the summary of the act, it is a start
in the right direction.
The RIAA/MPAA vs you
The Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) and the Motion Picture
Association of America (MPAA) are two groups that are "non-profit"
associations of "for-profit" companies that claim to protect artist's rights,
at the expense of you and I, the consumers. However, many artists, most
recently the band Radiohead and Trent Reznor of Nine Inch Nails (NIN) fame,
have broken contract with these labels and organizations as they, and many
others claim that these organizations do not fairly pay and represent the
artists. In general, like patent squatters, these organizations seek to
attack individuals for their own profits by manipulating the legal system.
However, because of the control such organizations have within their
respective industries, new artists who do not already have a known "brand"
would find it difficult to get airtime on a radio station or television time
if they were to release material without going through the RIAA/MPAA. The
stronghold of these organizations and unfair business practices are effectively
the same as using "strong arm tactics".
So should the federal government be involved in private industry or not?
In general, the federal government should NOT be involved in private industry,
however, the very creation of the DMCA, or the DMCRA, is the government's
involvement. The DMCA does not protect the consumer, it protects the
legal entities. If you began to distribute blank sheet of paper to people,
and don't think that people will begin to make their own uses for that paper,
be it for writing notes, making paper airplanes or rolling it into the shape of
a ball, then you would be mistaken. It is your responsibility as the creator,
and distributor, of that paper to protect it from a use you don't authorize.
If, and when, someone determines that they can manipulate your product, their
manipulation alone is an "innovation" that should be protected, and they
should not be penalized for your failure to protect your invention. Again,
if you were an alien, and you crash land on this planet, and you had never seen
a wheel before, it would be pretty obvious to you how to create your own
wheel, and it would be the wheels original "inventor" who failed to protect
the design or product.
Of course, all of this is nothing new. George Selden patented the automobile
long before Ford, Daimler or anyone else, but George Selden didn't have a
factory, nor did George Selden have any idea how, or intentions, to build
his patented automobile. It's an old problem, we're not going to solve
the "problem" this week, unless of course, we simply get the government
out of the business of the consumer/creator relationship and let the
consumers/creators battle it out. In the short run, the consumer
might "steal" some works of some creators. In the long run, some individuals
will have to innovate new methods of protecting their creations, leading to
both smarter consumers, more private research and a break from the mafia like
tactics some corporations use against consumers. Again, let's be honest, you
and I probably won't go create an iPhone, maybe a company will, but then
either Apple, or this other company, will have to battle each other to get
the consumers to purchase their product. If said new company can design,
create, produce, market and sell their iPhone Clone cheaper than the iPhone,
then why shouldn't they produce their product? If Apple sells a hardware
product and it has some software on it, then the consumer owns both the
hardware and software. If Apple can't figure out how to seal their iPhone and
prevent an innovative individual from accessing the details of their hardware
or software, then Apple is at fault, not the innovator who "hacked" the
iPhone.